mirror of https://github.com/texmacs/doc.git
148 lines
8.1 KiB
Tcl
148 lines
8.1 KiB
Tcl
<TeXmacs|1.99.8>
|
||
|
||
<style|<tuple|tmdoc|english|old-spacing>>
|
||
|
||
<\body>
|
||
<tmdoc-title|Notes for users of Cyrillic languages>
|
||
|
||
In order to type Russian (and similarly for other Cyrillic languages) text,
|
||
you have several options:
|
||
|
||
<\itemize>
|
||
<item>Select Russian as your default language in
|
||
<menu|Edit|Preferences|Language|Russian>. If \ <TeXmacs> starts with
|
||
Russian menus, then this is done automatically if the Russian locale is
|
||
set.
|
||
|
||
<item>Select Russian for an entire document using
|
||
<menu|Document|Language|Russian>.
|
||
|
||
<item>Select Russian for a portion of text in another document using
|
||
<menu|Format|Language|Russian>.
|
||
</itemize>
|
||
|
||
If your X server uses the <name|Xkb> extension, and is instructed to switch
|
||
between the Latin and Russian keyboard modes, you need not do anything
|
||
special. Just switch your keyboard to the Russian mode, and go ahead. All
|
||
the software needed for this is included in modern Linux distributions, and
|
||
the <name|Xkb> extension is enabled by default in <verbatim|XF86Config>.
|
||
With the <name|Xkb> extension, keysyms are 2-byte, and Russian letters are
|
||
at 0x6??. The keyboard is configured by <verbatim|setxkbmap>. When X
|
||
starts, it issues this command with the system-wide <verbatim|Xkbmap> file
|
||
(usually living in <verbatim|/etc/X11/xinit>), if it exists; and then with
|
||
the user's <verbatim|~/.Xkbmap>, if it exists. A typical
|
||
<verbatim|~/.Xkbmap> may look like
|
||
|
||
<verbatim| \ \ \ ru basic grp:shift_toggle>
|
||
|
||
This means that the keyboard mode is toggled by <render-key|l-shift
|
||
r-shift>. Other popular choices are <prefix|C-S-> or <prefix|A-C->, see
|
||
<verbatim|/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/> for more details. This is the preferred
|
||
keyboard setup for modern Linux systems, if you plan to use Russian often.
|
||
|
||
In older Linux systems, the <name|Xkb> extension is often disabled. Keysyms
|
||
are 1-byte, and are configured by <verbatim|xmodmap>. When X starts, it
|
||
issues this command with the system-wide <verbatim|Xmodmap> (usually living
|
||
in <verbatim|/etc/X11/xinit>), if it exists; and then with the user's
|
||
<verbatim|~/.Xmodmap>, if it exists. You can configure the mode toggling
|
||
key combination, and use a 1-byte Russian encoding (such as koi8-r) in the
|
||
Russian mode. It is easier to download the package <verbatim|xruskb>, and
|
||
just run
|
||
|
||
<verbatim| \ \ \ xrus jcuken-koi8>
|
||
|
||
at the beginning of your X session. This sets the layout <verbatim|jcuken>
|
||
(see below) and the encoding koi8-r for your keyboard in the Russian mode.
|
||
If you use such keyboard setup, you should select Options
|
||
<math|\<rightarrow\>> international keyboard <math|\<rightarrow\>> russian
|
||
<math|\<rightarrow\>> koi8-r.
|
||
|
||
It is also possible to use the Windows <verbatim|cp1251> encoding instead
|
||
of <verbatim|koi8-r>, though this is rarely done in UNIX. If you do use
|
||
<verbatim|xrus jcuken-cp1251>, select <verbatim|cp1251> instead of
|
||
<verbatim|koi8-r>.
|
||
|
||
All the methods described above require some special actions to \Prussify\Q
|
||
the keyboard. This is not difficult, see the Cyrillic-HOWTO or, better, its
|
||
updated version
|
||
|
||
<verbatim|http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/Cyrillic-HOWTO-russian/Cyrillic-HOWTO-russian.html>
|
||
|
||
Also, all of the above methods globally affect all X applications: text
|
||
editors (<name|Emacs>, <name|Nedit>, <name|Kedit>...), xterms, <TeXmacs>
|
||
etc.
|
||
|
||
If you need to type Russian only once, or very rarely, a proper keyboard
|
||
setup may be more trouble than it's worth. For the benefit of such
|
||
occasional users, <TeXmacs> has methods of Russian input which require no
|
||
preliminary work. Naturally, such methods affect only <TeXmacs>, and no
|
||
other application.
|
||
|
||
The simplest way to type some Russian on the standard US-style keyboard
|
||
with no software setup is to select <menu|Edit|Preferences|Keyboard|Cyrillic
|
||
input method|translit>. Then, typing a Latin letter will produce \Pthe most
|
||
similar\Q Russian one. In order to get some Russian letters, you have to
|
||
type 2- or 3-letter combinations:<vspace|0.5fn>
|
||
|
||
<big-table|<descriptive-table|<tformat|<cwith|2|11|1|1|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|2|2|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|2|2|cell-halign|c>|<cwith|2|11|4|4|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|4|4|cell-halign|c>|<table|<row|<cell|Shorthand>|<cell|for>|<cell|Shorthand(s)>|<cell|for>>|<row|<cell|<key|text
|
||
" e>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#451\>>>|<cell|<key|accent:umlaut
|
||
E>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#401\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y
|
||
o>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#451\>>>|<cell|<key|Y o>
|
||
<key|Y O>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#401\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|z
|
||
h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#436\>>>|<cell|<key|Z h>
|
||
<key|Z H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#416\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|j
|
||
var>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#436\>>>|<cell|<key|J
|
||
var>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#416\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|c
|
||
h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#447\>>>|<cell|<key|C h>
|
||
<key|C H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#427\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|s
|
||
h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#448\>>>|<cell|<key|S h>
|
||
<key|S H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#428\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|s
|
||
c h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#449\>>>|<cell|<key|S c
|
||
h> <key|S C H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#429\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|e
|
||
var>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#44D\>>>|<cell|<key|E
|
||
var>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#42D\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y
|
||
u>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#44E\>>>|<cell|<key|Y u>
|
||
<key|Y U>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#42E\>>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y
|
||
a>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#44F\>>>|<cell|<key|Y a>
|
||
<key|Y A>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#42F\>>>>>>>|Typing
|
||
Cyrillic text on a Roman keyboard.>
|
||
|
||
If you want to get, e.g., \P<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#441\>\<#445\>>\Q,
|
||
and not \P<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#448\>>\Q, you have to
|
||
type <key|s / h>. Of course, the choice of \Poptimal\Q mapping of Latin
|
||
letters to Russian ones in not unique. You can investigate the mapping
|
||
supplied with <TeXmacs> and, if you don't like something, override it in
|
||
your <verbatim|~/.TeXmacs/progs/my-init-texmacs.scm>.
|
||
|
||
If you select <verbatim|jcuken> instead of <verbatim|translit>, you get the
|
||
\Pofficial\Q Russian typewriter layout. It is so called because the keys
|
||
\Pqwerty\Q produce \P<with|language|russian|<with|font|cyrillic|\<#439\>\<#446\>\<#443\>\<#43A\>\<#435\>\<#43D\>>\Q>.
|
||
This input method is most useful when you have a Russian-made keyboard,
|
||
which has additional Russian letters written on the key caps in red, in the
|
||
<verbatim|jcuken> layout (a similar effect can be achieved by attaching
|
||
transparent stickers with red Russian letters to caps of a US-style
|
||
keyboard). It is also useful if you are an experienced Russian typist, and
|
||
your fingers remember this layout.
|
||
|
||
Those who have no Russian letters indicated at the key caps often prefer
|
||
the yawerty layout, where the keys \Pqwerty\Q produce
|
||
\P<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|\<#44F\>\<#432\>\<#435\>\<#440\>\<#442\>\<#44B\>\Q>.
|
||
Each Latin letter is mapped into a \Psimilar\Q Russian one; some additional
|
||
Russian letters are produced by <prefix|S->-digits. <TeXmacs> comes with a
|
||
slightly modified yawerty layout, because it does not redefine the keys
|
||
<key|$>, <render-key|<EFBFBD>>, <key|\\>, which are important for <TeXmacs>, are
|
||
not redefined. The corresponding Russian letters are produced by some
|
||
<prefix|S->-digit combinations instead.
|
||
|
||
<tmdoc-copyright|1998--2002|Joris van der Hoeven>
|
||
|
||
<tmdoc-license|Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
|
||
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
|
||
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
|
||
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
|
||
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
|
||
Documentation License".>
|
||
</body>
|
||
|
||
<initial|<\collection>
|
||
</collection>> |