mirror of https://github.com/texmacs/doc.git
207 lines
8.7 KiB
Plaintext
207 lines
8.7 KiB
Plaintext
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<TeXmacs|1.0.3.10>
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<style|tmdoc>
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<\body>
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<tmdoc-title|Specifying the current font>
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In this section, we describe the environment variables which control the
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rendering of fonts. Several parameters may be defined independently for
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each mode (the font name, variant, series and shape), whereas other
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parameters are uniform for all modes. Font properties may be controlled
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globally for the whole document in <menu|Document|Font> and locally for
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document fragments in <menu|Format|Font>.
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From an abstract point of view, a <em|font> is defined to be a graphically
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consistent way of rendering strings. Fonts are usually made up from glyphs
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like ``x'', ``ffi'', ``<with|mode|math|\<alpha\>>'',
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``<with|mode|math|<op|<big|sum>><big|.>>'', <abbr|etc.> When rendering a
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string, the string is decomposed into glyphs so as to take into account
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ligatures (like fi, fl, ff, ffi, ffl). Next, the individual glyphs are
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positioned while taking into account kerning information (in ``xo'' the
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``o'' character is slightly shifted to the left so as to take profit out of
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the hole in the ``x''). In the case of mathematical fonts, <TeXmacs> also
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provides a coherent rendering for resizable characters, like the large
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brackets in
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<\equation*>
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<left|(|0><left|(|1><left|(|2><right|)|2><right|)|1><right|)|0>.
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</equation*>
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Similarly, a <em|font family> is a family of fonts with different
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characteristics (like font weight, slant, <abbr|etc.>), but with a globally
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consistent rendering. One also says that the fonts in a font family ``mix
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well together''. For instance, the standard computer modern roman font and
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its <with|font-series|bold|bold> and <with|font-shape|italic|italic>
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variants mix well together, but the computer modern roman font and the
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<with|font|avant-garde|Avant Garde> font do not.
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<\remark>
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For the future, it is planned to replace the font variant and font shape
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variables by a larger range of properties to individually control the
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slant, serifs, small-caps, and so on. It is also planned to
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systematically use Unicode fonts with possible additional glyphs for
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mathematics. This should automatically enable the use of Cyrillic
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characters inside Russian text and similarly for other languages.
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</remark>
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<\explain>
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<var-val|font|roman>
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<var-val|math-font|roman>
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<var-val|prog-font|roman><explain-synopsis|font name>
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<|explain>
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These variables control the main name of the font, also called the
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<em|font family>. For instance:
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<\tm-fragment>
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<with|font|roman|Computer modern roman>, <with|font|pandora|Pandora>,
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<with|font|chancery|Chancery>, <with|font|palatino|Palatino>
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</tm-fragment>
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Similarly, <TeXmacs> supports various mathematical fonts:
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<\tm-fragment>
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Roman: <with|mode|math|a<rsup|2>+b<rsup|2>=c<rsup|2>>
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Adobe: <with|mode|math|<with|math-font|adobe|a<rsup|2>+b<rsup|2>=c<rsup|2>>>
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New roman: <with|mode|math|<with|math-font|ENR|a<rsup|2>+b<rsup|2>=c<rsup|2>>>
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Concrete: <with|mode|math|<with|math-font|concrete|a<rsup|2>+b<rsup|2>=c<rsup|2>>>
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</tm-fragment>
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</explain>
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<\explain>
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<var-val|font-family|rm>
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<var-val|math-font-family|mr>
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<var-val|prog-font-family|tt><explain-synopsis|font variant>
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<|explain>
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This variable selects a variant of the major font, like a sans serif
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font, a typewriter font, and so on. As explained above, variants of a
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given font are designed to mix well together. Physically speaking, many
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fonts do not come with all possible variants (sans serif, typewriter,
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<abbr|etc.>), in which case <TeXmacs> tries to fall back on a suitable
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alternative font.
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Typical variants for text fonts are <verbatim|rm> (roman), <verbatim|tt>
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(typewriter) and <verbatim|ss> (sans serif):
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<\tm-fragment>
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roman, <with|font-family|tt|typewriter> and <with|font-family|ss|sans
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serif>
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</tm-fragment>
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In maths mode, a distinction is made between the mathematical variants
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<verbatim|mr> (roman), <verbatim|mt> (typewriter) and <verbatim|ms> (sans
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serif) and textual variants <verbatim|rm> (roman), <verbatim|bf> (bold),
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etc. In the first case, variables and operators are usually rendered in a
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different slant, contrary to the second case:
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<\tm-fragment>
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<verbatim|ms>: <with|mode|math|<with|math-font-family|ms|sin (x+y)=sin
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x*cos y+cos x*sin y>>
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<verbatim|ss>: <with|mode|math|<with|math-font-family|ss|sin (x+y)=sin
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x*cos y+cos x*sin y>>
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</tm-fragment>
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</explain>
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<\explain>
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<var-val|font-series|medium>
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<var-val|math-font-series|medium>
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<var-val|prog-font-series|medium><explain-synopsis|font weight>
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<|explain>
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The font series determines the weight of the font. Most fonts only
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provide <verbatim|regular> and <verbatim|bold> font weights. Some fonts
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also provide <verbatim|light> as a possible value.
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<\tm-fragment>
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medium, <with|font-series|bold|bold>
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</tm-fragment>
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</explain>
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<\explain>
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<var-val|font-shape|right>
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<var-val|math-font-shape|normal>
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<var-val|prog-font-shape|right><explain-synopsis|font shape>
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<|explain>
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The font shape determines other characters of a font, like its slant,
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whether we use small capitals, whether it is condensed, and so on. For
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instance,
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<\tm-fragment>
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<with|font-shape|right|upright>, <with|font-shape|slanted|slanted>,
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<with|font-shape|italic|italic>, <with|font-shape|left-slanted|left
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slanted>, <with|font-shape|small-caps|Small Capitals>,
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<with|font-shape|proportional|<with|font-family|tt|proportional
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typewriter>>, <with|font-shape|condensed|<with|font-series|bold|bold
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condensed>>, <with|font-shape|flat|<with|font-family|ss|flat sans
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serif>>, <with|font-shape|long|long>
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</tm-fragment>
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</explain>
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<\explain>
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<label|font-base-size><var-val|font-base-size|10><explain-synopsis|font
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base size>
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<|explain>
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The base font size is specified in <hyper-link|<verbatim|pt>
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units|../basics/lengths.en.tm> and is usually invariant throughout the
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document. Usually, the base font size is <verbatim|9pt>, <verbatim|10pt>,
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<verbatim|11pt> or <verbatim|12pt>. Other font sizes are usually obtained
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by changing the <hyper-link|<src-var|magnification>|env-general.en.tm#magnification>
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or the relative <hyper-link|font-size|#font-size>.
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<\tm-fragment>
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<with|font-base-size|9|9pt>, <with|font-base-size|10|10pt>,
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<with|font-base-size|11|11pt>, <with|font-base-size|12|12pt>
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</tm-fragment>
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</explain>
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<\explain>
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<label|font-size><var-val|font-size|1><explain-synopsis|font size>
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<|explain>
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The real font size is obtained by multiplying the
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<src-var|font-base-size> by the <src-var|font-size> multiplier. The
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following standard font sizes are available from <menu|Format|Size>:
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<big-table|<descriptive-table|<tformat|<cwith|4|5|1|4|cell-bsep|0.25fn>|<cwith|4|5|1|4|cell-tsep|0.25fn>|<table|<row|<cell|size>|<cell|multiplier>|<cell|size>|<cell|multiplier>>|<row|<cell|<with|font-size|0.59|Tiny>>|<cell|0.59>|<cell|<with|font-size|0.71|Very
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small>>|<cell|0.71>>|<row|<cell|<with|font-size|0.84|Small>>|<cell|0.84>|<cell|<with|font-size|1|Normal>>|<cell|1>>|<row|<cell|<with|font-size|1.19|Large>>|<cell|1.19>|<cell|<with|font-size|1.41|Very
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large>>|<cell|1.41>>|<row|<cell|<with|font-size|1.68|Huge>>|<cell|1.68>|<cell|<with|font-size|2|Really
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huge>>|<cell|2>>>>>|Standard font sizes.>
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From a mathematical point of view, the multipliers are in a geometric
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progression with factor <no-break><with|mode|math|<sqrt|2|4>>. Notice
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that the font size is also affected by the <hyper-link|index
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level|env-math.en.tm#math-level>.
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</explain>
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<\explain>
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<var-val|dpi|600><explain-synopsis|fonts rendering quality>
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<|explain>
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The rendering quality of raster fonts (also called Type 3 fonts), such as
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the fonts generated by the <name|Metafont> program is controlled through
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its discretization precision in dots per inch. Nowadays, most laser
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printers offer a printing quality of at least <verbatim|600dpi>, which is
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also the default <src-var|dpi> setting for <TeXmacs>. For really high
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quality printing, professionals usually use a precision of
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<verbatim|1200dpi>. The <src-var|dpi> is usually set once and for all for
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the whole document.
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</explain>
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<tmdoc-copyright|2004|Joris van der Hoeven>
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<tmdoc-license|Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
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Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
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Documentation License".>
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</body>
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