mirror of https://gitee.com/XmacsLabs/planet.git
250 lines
6.1 KiB
Tcl
250 lines
6.1 KiB
Tcl
<TeXmacs|2.1.3>
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<style|<tuple|article|chinese|old-dots|old-lengths>>
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<\body>
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<doc-data|<doc-title|Bash脚本基础>|<doc-author|<author-data|<author-name|沈达>>>>
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<section|赋值与替换>
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<\session|shell|default>
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<\input|Shell] >
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a=375
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</input>
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<\input|Shell] >
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hello=$a
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</input>
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<\folded-io|Shell] >
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echo $hello
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<|folded-io>
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375
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</folded-io>
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<\input|Shell] >
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\;
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</input>
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</session>
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<section|变量>
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<\description>
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<item*|内置变量>比如<verbatim|$HOME>或者<verbatim|$PWD>，更多例子可以参考
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<shell|man 7 environ>
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<item*|位置参数><verbatim|$0>是basename，<verbatim|$@>是basename之后的所有参数
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<tree|<verbatim|$@>|<verbatim|$1>|<verbatim|$2>|<verbatim|$3>|<verbatim|$4>|<text-dots>>
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<item*|特殊参数><verbatim|$?>是命令、函数或者脚本本身的返回状态，一般用0表示一切正常
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</description>
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<section|分支>
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<\shell-code>
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if [ condition1 ];then
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\ \ \ \ command_series1
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elif [ condition2 ];then
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\ \ \ \ command_series2
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else
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\ \ \ \ default_command_series3
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fi
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</shell-code>
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<section|循环>
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<\description>
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<item*|循环：与Python语法相近>
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<\shell-code>
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for arg in `seq 10`
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do
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\ \ \ \ echo $arg
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done
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</shell-code>
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<item*|循环：与C语言for语法相近>
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<\shell-code>
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for ((a=1; a\<less\>=LIMIT; a++))
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do
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\ \ \ \ echo -n "$a "
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done
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</shell-code>
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<item*|循环: 与C语言while语法相近>
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<\shell-code>
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a=1
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while ((a\<less\>=LIMIT))
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do
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\ \ \ \ echo -n "$a "
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\ \ \ \ ((a += 1))
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done
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</shell-code>
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</description>
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<section|IO>
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<\shell-code>
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command \<less\> input-file \<gtr\> output-file \ \ \ \ #
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读取然后覆盖
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command \<gtr\>\<gtr\> output-file \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ #
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追加
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</shell-code>
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<section|函数>
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<\shell-code>
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# 如何定义函数1
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function fun_name(){
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\ \ \ \ command...
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}
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# 如何定义函数2
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fun_name(){ # arg1 arg2 arg3
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\ \ \ \ command...
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}
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\;
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# 函数的应用
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fun_name $arg1 $arg2 $arg3
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\;
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\;
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# 引用解除
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fun_name(){ # arg1
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\ \ \ \ eval "$1=hello"
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}
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fun_name arg1
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\;
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# 上述代码片段等价于\
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arg1=hello
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</shell-code>
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<section|调试>
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<\itemize>
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<item>用好sh命令
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<\description>
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<item*|sh -n script>检查脚本语法
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<item*|sh -v script>在执行前将所有命令打印出来
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<item*|sh -x script>在执行前将所有命令到打印到错误输出，并在命令前面加上<shell|+>前缀
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</description>
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<item>利用<shell|echo>
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<item>利用<shell|trap>
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</itemize>
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<section|并行>
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利用GNU Parallel<\footnote>
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<slink|https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/>
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</footnote>
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<section|代码风格>
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利用ShellCheck<\footnote>
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<slink|https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck>
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</footnote>
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</body>
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<\references>
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<\collection>
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<associate|auto-1|<tuple|1|?>>
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<associate|auto-2|<tuple|2|?>>
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<associate|auto-3|<tuple|3|?>>
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<associate|auto-4|<tuple|4|?>>
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<associate|auto-5|<tuple|5|?>>
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<associate|auto-6|<tuple|6|?>>
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<associate|auto-7|<tuple|7|?>>
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<associate|auto-8|<tuple|8|?>>
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<associate|auto-9|<tuple|9|?>>
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<associate|footnote-1|<tuple|1|?>>
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<associate|footnote-2|<tuple|2|?>>
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<associate|footnr-1|<tuple|1|?>>
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<associate|footnr-2|<tuple|2|?>>
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</collection>
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</references>
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<\auxiliary>
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<\collection>
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<\associate|toc>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|1<space|2spc>赋值与替换>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-1><vspace|0.5fn>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|2<space|2spc>变量>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-2><vspace|0.5fn>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|3<space|2spc>分支>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-3><vspace|0.5fn>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|4<space|2spc>循环>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-4><vspace|0.5fn>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|5<space|2spc>IO>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-5><vspace|0.5fn>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|6<space|2spc>函数>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-6><vspace|0.5fn>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|7<space|2spc>调试>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-7><vspace|0.5fn>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|8<space|2spc>并行>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-8><vspace|0.5fn>
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<vspace*|1fn><with|font-series|<quote|bold>|math-font-series|<quote|bold>|9<space|2spc>代码风格>
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<datoms|<macro|x|<repeat|<arg|x>|<with|font-series|medium|<with|font-size|1|<space|0.2fn>.<space|0.2fn>>>>>|<htab|5mm>>
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<no-break><pageref|auto-9><vspace|0.5fn>
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</associate>
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</collection>
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</auxiliary> |